July 2019
Volume 8, Issue 4
Open Access
Editorial  |   August 2019
The Elusive Nature of Truth in Scientific Studies and the Importance of Peer Review
Author Affiliations
  • Marco Zarbin
    Editor-in-Chief
Translational Vision Science & Technology August 2019, Vol.8, r. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.4.r
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      Marco Zarbin; The Elusive Nature of Truth in Scientific Studies and the Importance of Peer Review. Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 2019;8(4):r. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.4.r.

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Constructive, critical peer review is an essential part of the “information creation process” that has evolved in our society. Journals constitute an essential component of the information dissemination infrastructure because, unlike meetings, the information contained therein is or ought to be subject to the rigors of peer review. Unfortunately, the peer review process does not always operate as well as it should. Bohannon,1 for example, submitted an intentionally flawed manuscript involving cancer to 304 journals as part of an experiment to test the peer review process. This paper was accepted by 157 of the journals. Godlee et al.2 submitted a paper with 8 deliberate errors (in study design, analysis, and interpretation) to reviewers of the British Medical Journal. Among the 221 respondents, the average number of mistakes detected was 2, and some reviewers found no mistakes in the manuscript. We are not perfect, and detection of errors in our process is not surprising. It does highlight, however, the need both for vigilance (among editors and readers) and an ongoing process for improvement. 
Because of the importance of peer review to the quality of TVST, we are indebted to the TVST reviewers for the immensely important contributions they have made to the quality of the journal and for the service they have provided to the entire vision research community. On behalf of our Associate Editors, Editors, and readers, I thank each of you sincerely. 
Among the highly accomplished individuals who have generously donated their time and expertise for our benefit, a subset have made outstanding contributions due to the exceptional care with which they have reviewed manuscripts. The Editors of TVST have been asked to recognize these individuals by identifying them as “exceptional reviewers.” I am pleased to offer special recognition to these individuals as part of our thanks to each of the reviewers for TVST
TVST is our journal, and it will be as useful a source of information as we make it through the submission of our work and, no less, through the peer review to which that work is subjected. 
References
Bohannon J. Who's afraid of peer review? Science. 2013; 342: 60–65.
Godlee F, Gale CR, Martyn CN. Effect on the quality of peer review of blinding reviewers and asking them to sign their reports: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998; 280: 237–240.
We thank the following reviewers for their generous assistance in evaluating manuscripts submitted to Translational Vision Science & Technology. The list comprises all those, including editors, who completed one or more reviews from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. 
Exceptional Reviewers
Adhikari, Prakash 
Akiba, Masahiro 
Aleman, Tomas 
Amini, Rouzbeh 
Anderson, Andrew 
Anderson, Douglas 
Ang, Bryan 
Aronow, Mary 
Asaoka, Ryo 
Augustin, Marco 
Barry, Michael 
Baumann, Bernhard 
Bonnemaijer, Pieter 
Boon, Mei Ying 
Borghuis, Bart 
Borja, David 
Brandsdorfer, Ari 
Brenner, Eli 
Browne, Andrew 
Campbell, Charles 
Castet, Eric 
Chen, Fred 
Chhablani, Jay 
Chong, Rachel 
Coats, Brittany 
Coeckelbergh, Tanja 
Cooke Bailey, Jessica 
Cooper, Robert 
Corson, Timothy 
Crabb, David 
Dagnelie, Gislin 
de Haan, Gera 
DeCarloi, Dawn 
DeMarco, Paul 
Dimaras, Helen 
Dong, Fei 
Durbin, Mary 
Elsner, Ann 
Elze, Tobias 
Farsiu, Sina 
Feder, Robert 
Finger, Robert 
Flynn, Oliver 
Fort, Patrice 
Gaier, Eric 
Gardiner, Stuart 
Garway-Heath, David 
Gauvin, Mathieu 
Grieve, Kate 
Gupta, Preeti 
Gwon, Arlene 
Hamrah, Pedram 
Hansen, Ronald 
Harb, Elise 
Harvey, Erin 
Henson, David 
Hess, Robert 
Holz, Frank 
Hubbard, Larry 
Jansonius, Nomdo 
Jester, James 
Jia, Yali 
Jin, Qingying 
Jung, Jesse 
Kardon, Randy 
Kashani, Amir 
Keenan, Jeremy 
Kotecha, Aachal 
Kowalczuk, Laura 
Kuntz, John Peter 
Kuo, Anthony 
Kuo, Debbie 
Kuo, Lih 
Kusuhara, Sentaro 
Kvanta, Anders 
Lambert, Wendi 
Lee, Aaron 
Leung, Dexter 
Leung, Ivan 
Levy, Jaime 
Li, Cheng 
Li, Wei 
Liang, Lingyi 
Lieberman, Raquel 
Liu, Chia-Yang 
Liu, Tao 
London, Nikolas 
Lorenz, Birgit 
Maguire, Maureen 
Majumdar, Soumyajit 
Mandel, Yossi 
Margo, Curtis 
Mayer, D. Luisa 
McAnany, J. Jason 
Menon, Naresh 
Metha, Andrew 
Montesano, Giovanni 
Morgan, William 
Muhammad, Hassan 
Musil, Linda 
Norcia, Anthony 
Obana, Akira 
Ofri, Ron 
Ong, Hon Shing 
Ong, Jue Sheng 
Oshitari, Toshiyuki 
Ozawa, Yoko 
Parel, Jean-Marie 
Pattnaik, Bikash 
Paulus, Yannis 
Petoe, Matthew 
Pfau, Maximilian 
Porter, Jason 
Réaux-Le-Goazigo, Annabelle 
Rabin, Jeff 
Racette, Lyne 
Rajagopal, Rithwick 
Ramulu, Pradeep 
Roberts, Philipp 
Robson, Anthony 
Rohrschneider, Klaus 
Rowsey, James 
Sabeti, Faran 
Sadun, Alfredo 
Salmon, Alexander 
Sampson, Danuta 
Savini, Giacomo 
Sawides, Lucie 
Sharma, Ajay 
Sharma, Bhavana 
Sharma, Tarun 
Shinoda, Kei 
Shoji, Takuhei 
Sinclair, Stephen 
Steinbach-Rankins, Jill 
Stevenson, Scott 
Sun, Xinghuai 
Sundstrom, Jeffrey 
Swarbrick, Helen 
Tam, K. P. Connie 
Tatham, Andrew 
Tavares, Ivan 
Trauzettel-Klosinski, Susanne 
Tsamis, Emmanouil 
Tsunoda, Kazushige 
Tuli, Sonal 
Tzekov, Radouil 
Vajzovic, Lejla 
Van Schil, Kristof 
Ver Hoeve, James 
Vianna, Jayme 
Vienne, Cyril 
Weleber, Richard 
Wiley, Luke 
Winn, Bryan 
Wolosin, J. Mario 
Woods, Russell 
Wu, Zhichao 
Xu, Heping 
You, Jingjing 
Yousefi, Siamak 
Yu, Dao-Yi 
Zamir, Ehud 
Reviewers
Acharya, Ghanashyam 
Adelman, Ron A. 
Agarwal, Aniruddha 
Allingham, Michael J. 
Anderson, Roger S. 
Andrade De Jesus, Danilo 
Antony, Bhavna J. 
Aptel, Florent 
Armstrong, Brian 
Artes, Paul H. 
Asalee, Leena Mahmoud 
Ashimatey, Bright Senyo 
Attar, Mayssa 
Avila, Marcel Y. 
Ayton, Lauren N. 
Baartman, Brandon 
Baboolal, Sandika 
Bach, Michael 
Bailey, Steven T. 
Bainbridge, James W. 
Bala, Chandra 
Baraas, Rigmor C. 
Baranov, Petr Y. 
Barnett, Brad P. 
Baskaran, Mani 
Bassi, Carl 
Batista, Ana 
Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio 
Bebie, Hans 
Beckmann, Lisa 
Beit-Yannai, Elie 
Belfort, Rubens N. 
Belghith, Akram 
Belmonte, Carlos 
Besirli, Cagri G. 
Bex, Peter J. 
Bharadwaj, Shrikant R. 
Bhargava, Rahul 
Bharti, Kapil 
Birch, David G. 
Bittner, Ava Katherine 
Bowers, Alex R. 
Brocchini, Steve 
Brown, Angela M. 
Bucolo, Claudio 
Campbell, Thomas 
Carretero, Luis 
Cassiman, Catherine 
Chan, Kevin C. 
Chan, Poemen 
Chang, Dolly S. 
Chang, Emmanuel Yih-Herng 
Chang, Victoria S. 
Chang, Yu-Fan 
Chao, Daniel L. 
Charman, William Neil 
Chastain, James 
Chee, Yewlin 
Chen, Dong Feng 
Chen, Haoyu 
Chen, Xi 
Cheng, Hui-Chen 
Cho, Seo-Hee 
Chong, Luke X. 
Chua Yu Min, Jacqueline 
Cordeiro Sousa, David 
Cortes, Magdalena 
Costa, Vital Paulino 
Costela, Francisco Manuel 
Cremers, Frans P. M. 
Daga, Fabio Bernardi 
Dahlmann-Noor, Annegret H. 
Dalvin, Lauren A. 
Damgaard, Iben Bach 
Daniel, Ebenezer 
Dansingani, Kunal K. 
Davies, Leon N. 
Day, Mhairi 
De Leon, John Mark S. 
Deemer, Ashley D. 
Del Priore, Lucian 
Demirci, Hakan 
Deng, Sophie X. 
Denniss, Jonathan 
Derrick, Tamsyn 
Devaney, Nicholas 
Dhingra, Sumit 
Di Pascuale, Mario 
Dickinson, Christine M. 
Dirani, Mohamed 
Dorr, Michael 
Dougherty, Bradley E. 
Downie, Laura Elizabeth 
Dubey, Sushil K. 
Dubis, Adam M. 
Duncan, Jacque L. 
Dysli, Chantal 
Eastlake, Karen 
Ehlers, Justis P. 
Ehrlich, Joshua R. 
El Shamieh, Said 
Elborgy, Ebrahim 
Enders, Philip 
Ensign, Laura 
Erker, Laura R. 
Erol, Muhammet Kazim 
Eslani, Medi 
Fabian, Ido Didi 
Faes, Livia 
Falsini, Benedetto 
Fan, Wei 
Fea, Antonio Maria 
Fedorchak, Morgan V. 
Feldman, Robert M. 
Fielder, Alistair 
Fine, Howard 
Flynn, Harry W. 
Frenkel, Shahar 
Frishman, Laura J. 
Fukuda, Shinichi 
Gabison, Eric E. 
Gagliano, Caterina 
Gale, Jesse 
Gandhi, Jarel K. 
Ge, Jian 
George, Ronnie 
Giaschi, Deborah E. 
Gonzalez-Méijome, José Manuel 
Gracitelli, Carolina P. B. 
Grant, Michael 
Grassi, Michael A. 
Greene, Henry 
Gregg, Ronald G. 
Gregori, Giovanni 
Grover, Sandeep 
Gupta, Neeru 
Guthoff, Rudolf F. 
Hajrasouliha, Amir R. 
Han, Kyu-Yeon 
Harvey, Hannah 
Harwerth, Ronald S. 
Hashimoto, Ryuya 
Hassall, Mark M. 
Herbort, Carl 
Hetling, John R. 
Hewitt, Alex W. 
Hirasawa, Kazunori 
Hirooka, Kazuyuki 
Hoffmann, Esther M. 
Hogg, Ruth E. 
Hooshmand, Joobin 
Houston, Kevin E. 
Hu, Zhihong Jewel 
Huang, Alex A. 
Huang, Johnsun 
Huang, Wei Chieh 
Huckfeldt, Rachel 
Hui, Flora 
Hung, Kuo Hsuan 
Hunter, David G. 
Hwang, Eileen S. 
Hyungtaek, Tyler 
Inoue, Makoto 
Iodachita, Iulian 
Jeang, Lauren 
Jeffrey, Brett G. 
Jeoung, Jin Wook 
Jeter, Pamela E. 
Jhanji, Vishal 
Jiao, Shuliang 
Jin, Haiying 
Johnson, Chris A. 
Johnson, Mary A. 
Jones-Jordan, Lisa A. 
Kadonosono, Kazuaki 
Kaliki, Swathi 
Kaneko, Hiroki 
Karamichos, Dimitrios 
Karmiris, Efthymios 
Karunarathne, Ajit 
Kawakita, Tetsuya 
Kazlas, Melanie 
Kearney, Stephanie 
Khadka, Jyoti 
Khateb, Samer 
Khouri, Albert 
Khuu, Sieu K. 
Kiilgaard, Jens Folke 
Kim, In-Beom 
Kim, Jae Suk 
Kim, Leo A. 
Kim, Tae-Woo 
Koh, Victor 
Kohnen, Thomas 
Kondo, Mineo 
Kong, Yu Xiang George 
Kortüm, Karsten Ulrich 
Kozak, Igor 
Kremers, Jan 
Kulkarni, Ashutosh 
Kuo, Li-Lin 
Kurihara, Toshihide 
Labbe, Antoine 
Lambert, Scott R. 
Lanca, Carla 
Landa, Gennady 
Langmann, Thomas 
Lavinsky, Fabio 
Lee, Eun Ji 
Lee, Richard M. H. 
Lewis, Terri L. 
Li, Ling-Jun 
Li, Shuning 
Liang, Liang 
Limb, G. Astrid 
Lin, Haijiang 
Lin, Meng C. 
Linderman, Rachel E. 
Liu, Catherine J. 
Liu, Jian 
Liu, Tin 
Lockwood, Alastair 
Lombardo, Giuseppe 
Lopez-Gil, Norberto 
Lorach, Henri 
Lu, Peirong 
Lu, Yi 
Luna, Jose D. 
Lunghi, Claudia 
Luo, Gang 
Ma, David Hui-Kang 
Maddess, Ted 
Maestre-Mesa, Jorge 
Mahroo, Omar A. 
Majander, Anna 
Malkin, Alexis 
Maloca, Peter M. 
Man, Ryan Eyn Kidd 
Marie, Mélanie 
Martel, Joseph 
Martinez-Osorio, Hernan 
Massof, Robert W. 
Mastropasqua, Leonardo 
Matet, Alexandre 
Matoba, Alice Y. 
Mazzoli, Robert 
McCall, Maureen A. 
McLaughlin, Patricia J. 
Mehta, Nitish 
Meier-Gibbons, Frances 
Meimon, Serge 
Mejia, Luis F. 
Merigan, William H. 
Midena, Edoardo 
Miki, Atsuya 
Milam, Ann H. 
Milea, Dan 
Miller, John B. 
Mitton, Kenneth P. 
Miura, Masahiro 
Modi, Yasha S. 
Moghimi, Sasan 
Mohan, Royce 
Mohr, Susanne 
Moss, Heather E. 
Muccioli, Cristina 
Mwanza, Jean-Claude 
Myers, William 
Myung, David 
Nagiel, Aaron 
Nakamura, Tomoaki 
Nanavaty, Mayank A. 
Neeti, Parikh 
Ng, Wai Siene 
Nguyen, Christine 
Nischal, Ken 
Nolan, John M. 
Normando, Eduardo 
Nouri-Mahdavi, Kouros 
Nubile, Mario 
Odom, J. Vernon 
Oishi, Akio 
Okumura, Naoki 
Olson, Jeffrey L. 
Panorgias, Athanasios 
Paranhos Jr., Augusto 
Park, Ki Ho 
Pashaie, Ramin 
Patel, Nimesh 
Patel, Uday 
Patil, Madhoosudan 
Patterson, Emily J. 
Pavlidis, Mitrofanis 
Pazos, Marta 
Peachey, Neal S. 
Peh, Gary S. 
Penteado, Rafaella C. 
Pesudovs, Konrad 
Petznick, Andrea 
Piri, Niloofar 
Ploner, Stefan B. 
Porciatti, Vittorio 
Porporato, Natalia 
Price Jr, Francis W. 
Prokosch-Willing, Verena 
Pundlik, Shrinivas J. 
Qin, Zong 
Raghuram, Aparna 
Rao, Aparna 
Rao, P. Kumar 
Razeen, Moataz 
Regatieri, Caio V. S. 
Reggiani Mello, Glauco Henrique 
Reis, Alexandre S. C. 
Repetto, Rodolfo 
Rhodes, Lindsay A. 
Richter, Grace M. 
Ridder, William 
Rispoli, Marco 
Riva, Charles E. 
Rodger, Damien 
Rodríguez-Barrientos, Carlos Alberto 
Roessler, Gernot F. 
Roizenblatt, Marina 
Romano, Vito 
Rosenfield, Mark 
Rossi, Ethan A. 
Rossi, Tommaso 
Rubin, Gary S. 
Sabater, Alfonso L. 
Sabesan, Ramkumar 
Sahin, Alparslan 
Saijo, Yoshifumi 
Saint-Geniez, Magali 
Samara, Wasim 
Sampson, Geoff P. 
Sandhu, Harpal Singh 
Scarinci, Fabio 
Schmetterer, Leopold 
Schönbach, Etienne M. 
Schultz, Jeffrey S. 
Schweitzer, Dietrich 
Scott, Andrew 
Scott, Patrick A. 
Sears, Jonathan E. 
Segal, Ori 
Seidel, Dirk 
Seiler, Magdalene J. 
Seven, Ibrahim 
Shah, Ankit 
Sheardown, Heather 
Sheehy, Christy K. 
Shen, Tueng T. 
Sheppard, John D. 
Sher, Alexander 
Sherwin, Justin C. 
Shieh, Christine 
Shulman, Julia 
Siebelmann, Sebastian 
Simpson, Nigel 
Singh, Nirbhai 
Sinha Roy, Abhijit 
Sloper, John J. 
Smadja, David 
Smith, R. Theodore 
Sodhi, Akrit 
Sohn, Elliott H. 
Solomon, Arieh Sorin 
Sonoda, Koh-hei 
Sparrow, Janet R. 
Sredar, Nripun 
Srinivas, Sangly P. 
Stewart, Michael 
Stieger, Knut 
Stingl, Krunoslav 
Stinnett, Sandra S. 
Strong, E. Bradley 
Suhler, Eric B. 
Sung, Kyung Rim 
Sunness, Janet S. 
Swenor, Bonnielin K. 
Szpiro, Sarit F. A. 
Tam, Alex Lai Chi 
Tamm, Ernst R. 
Tan, Anna C. S. 
Tan, Chuen Seng 
Tan, Ou 
Tanito, Masaki 
Tao, Wensi 
Terry, Louise 
Ting, Daniel Shu Wei 
Tiosano, Liran 
Titiyal, Jeewan S. 
Tode, Jan 
Toth, Cynthia A. 
Tow, Sharon L. C. 
Trese, Michael T. 
Tripathy, Koushik 
Tsai, Ray J. F. 
Tsang, Stephen H. 
Tsubota, Kazuo 
Tucker, Budd A. 
Turpin, Andrew 
Twelker, John Daniel 
Van Damme, Wim 
van Landingham, Suzanne W. 
van Nispen, Ruth M. A. 
van Rijn, Laurentius J. 
Vavvas, Demetrios 
Velez, Gabriel 
Walter, Peter 
Wan, Kelvin 
Wang, Kaijun 
Wang, Mengyu 
Wang, Ningli 
Wang, Xiaofei 
Wasibourd, Michael 
Wass, Simon Oskar Yngve 
Weiland, James D. 
Wen, Wen 
White, Andrew 
Wiggs, Janey L. 
Winkler, Moritz 
Wu, David M. 
Wu, Ling-Ling 
Wu, Pei-Chang 
Yang, Hongli 
Yang, Paul 
Yang, Xiao 
Yonekawa, Yoshihiro 
Yu, Jing 
Zacks, David N. 
Zang, Pengxiao 
Zangwill, Linda M. 
Zemon, Vance M. 
Zhang, Liang 
Zhang, Qinqin 
Zhang, Xiulan 
Zhao, Jiangyue 
Zhou, Chuanqing 
Zhou, Hao 
Zhou, Qi 
Zrenner, Eberhart 
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