For 65° pedestrians, there was a statistically significant simple two-way interaction between viewing conditions and path crossing distances for detection rates, F(1.9, 17.07) = 30.03;
P < 0.01, and response time, F(6, 97.55) = 15.59;
P < 0.01. The 65° pedestrians in the blind field (
Fig. 10) were not visible at an initial appearance with AMV without scanning, while they could be detected in AMV+MxP (
Fig. 10A). Pedestrians with an initial bearing angle of 65° and
dpc = –2 m appeared in the blind field and then moved farther into the periphery, resulting in a detection rate of only 5% with AMV. Pedestrians on center-to-center collision courses (
dpc = 0) entered the seeing field of AMV at the last moment (5.3 seconds after the initial appearance, green circle in
Fig. 10A), and thus the detection rate was significantly decreased (40%) with delayed response time (5.4 seconds) in AMV (all
Ps < 0.01). For 65° pedestrians with
dpc = +2 m, and +12 m, the pedestrians moved centrally into the seeing field of AMV and thus were detected across all viewing conditions. However, owing to the delayed entering into the seeing field (3.6 seconds in
dpc = +2 m, blue cross in
Fig. 10A; 1.2 seconds in
dpc = +12 m, red plus in
Fig. 10A), the response times were significantly slower with simulated AMV (4.5 seconds in
dpc = +2 m and 3.2 seconds in
dpc = +12 m) compared with NV (all
Ps < 0.01).