All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including assessments of best corrected visual acuity, Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, dilated stereoscopic examination of the optic disc, disc photography, red-free fundus photography (EOS D60 digital camera; Canon, Utsunomiyashi, Tochigiken, Japan), spectral-domain OCT scanning of the circumpapillary RNFL and the ONH (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and standard automated perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyzer II 750; 24-2 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Other ophthalmic examinations included measurements of corneal curvature (KR-1800; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), central corneal thickness (CCT; Orbscan II; Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Rochester, NY, USA), and axial length (AXL; IOLMaster version 5; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA).